Single Chip Theremin Circuit

This is a design circuit for a single chip Theremin circuit.  Theremin is an electronic music instrument which sense hand movement to control the tones/frequency.  This Theremin circuit uses two separate Colpitts LC oscillators to produce a beat frequency. The frequencies of two Colpitts LC oscillators are mixed and then rectified. This rectification demodulate the mixed signal to get the beat frequency which is in audible range. This is the figure of the circuit;

This beat frequency or difference is the real Theremin’s output. The oscillator is operated at high frequency (inaudible) to get wide audible frequency range of beat frequency when two oscillator output is mixed.  This circuit uses a 4011 quad gate to construct the high frequency oscillator operating at 250kHz. The metal probe that is used to sense your  hand produces only small frequency shift in term of percentage of original frequency, that’s why we need to derive the beat frequency to get wide audible frequency range as the result of  high frequency shifting. The IC2, an LM741 is used to amplify the mixed signal before rectification. The D1 will rectify the mixed signal to detect the audio (the beat frequency).  This audio signal is then filtered by an adjustable band pass filter IC3. The further audio amplification before power amplifier IC5  is done by IC4. The metal toilet-tank float  is used for the hand probe since is has better sensitivity than a simple wire antenna, but any conductive material will work. [Circuit diagram source: seekic.com]

Vehicle Interior Lighting With Switch-Off Delay

This is a circuit for a switch-off delay for the vehicle interior lighting is a naturally a standard feature. However, with certain models having only spartan fittings, or older-model vehicles, you’re left sitting in the dark as soon as you climb in and close the door. Here’s the figure of the circuit;

That calls for an aftermarket accessory! The author built this circuit using ‘normal’ components (with leads), but in the SMD manner, which means fitting the components on the copper side. The only holes drilled in the circuit board were the four fixing holes, and the entire assembly was firmly attached to the surface of the heat sink for power transistor T3 (the author used a finned heat sink rated at 7.2 °C/W). The heat sink is at ground potential. A value of 1 Ω was used for R3 with satisfactory operation of the darlington. The light goes on when the door is opened. After the door is closed, it continues to illuminate the interior of the car at full brightness for around 30 seconds, after which it slowly dims. Approximately 1 minute after the door is closed, the quiescent current drops to zero.